Are people who don't follow the teachings of the church, but are baptized truly Catholic?

It is self perception. A person may identify themselves as being "Catholic" and identify with the Church. They may be fully practicing and receiving the sacraments, and following the precepts of the Church to the best of their abilities. Other people may identify themselves as being a "lapsed" Catholic or as a Catholic who is having a personal struggle with their faith or have difficulty with certain Catholic positions on controversial issues. Then there is everyone who falls between the two sides who still consider themselves to be "Catholic". The Church does not condemn any of these people as not being "truly Catholic". The only people I have observed to make this judgment are the really strict Traditional Catholics and certain new converts who think that they are perfect but other people are just "Cafeteria Catholics" or "not Catholic enough". I find this attitude rather Pharisaic and judgmental.. A "former" Catholic is someone who might have been raised a Catholic but upon reflection and study have decided that they no longer identify with the Catholic faith. But these people who have decided to be something else consider themselves 'not truly Catholic' so the labeling is a mute point.